.::VOLUME 13, LESSON 8::. Basics of Pharmacogenomics for the Nuclear Pharmacist Continuing Education for Nuclear Pharmacists And Nuclear Medicine Professionals

............................................................................................................................................ 7 PHARMACOGENOMICS BACKGROUND AND HISTORY ............................................................................. 7 VARIABILITY OF DRUG ACTION IN POPULATIONS .................................................................................. 9 DNA .................................................................................................................................................... 10 CELLS AND DNA ................................................................................................................................. 10 THE CENTRAL BIOLOGICAL DOGMA .................................................................................................... 12 GENES AND GENOMICS ........................................................................................................................ 12 POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS OF GENES AND DNA .................................................................................. 14 NOMENCLATURE ASSOCIATED WITH POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS .......................................................... 16 PHARMACOKINETIC CONSIDERATIONS IMPORTANT TO PHARMACOGENOMICS .................................... 19 PHARMACODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS IMPORTANT TO PHARMACOGENOMICS .................................. 20 GENETIC VARIANTS IN DNA REPLICATION AND REPAIR GENES ......................................................... 21 METHODS USED FOR PHARMACOGENOMIC ANALYSES ........................................................................ 23 DNA amplification methods – the Polymerase Chain Reaction ..................................................... 23 DNA sequencing methods ............................................................................................................... 25 Microarray or chip analysis ........................................................................................................... 26 IDENTIFYING GENES ASSOCIATED WITH VARIATIONS IN DRUG RESPONSE ............................................. 28 ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF PHARMACOGENOMICS ....................................... 29 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 30 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. 30 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 31 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 33 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS .............................................................................................................. 34